第97节

    【】fferent

    uothelegislatureandhadlawspassed

    ingofsuchtradeunionsbecausethey

    interferedan.

    pleasedonotthinkthatthegoodersofparliant

    heselayrants.theywere

    thetruesonsoftherevolutionaryperiodwheneverybody

    talkedof``libertyandenkilledtheieighbours

    becausetheyquiteaslibertylovingasthey

    oughttohavebeen.since``libertyostvirtue

    ofn,itrightthatlabourunionsshoulddictateto

    theirersthehoursduringheyuldworkand

    theustdend.theanstat

    alltis,be``freetosellhisserviarket,and

    theeloyerstbeequally``freetonducthisbusiness

    ashesa,when

    thestatehadregulatedtheindustriallifeoftheentire

    nity,ingtoahene

    insistedthatthestatestairelyasidearce

    takeitsurse.

    thelasthalfofthe18therelybeena

    tiofintelleic

    ideas,too,hadbeenreplacedbyersuitedthe

    hehour.severalyearsbeforethefrenchrevolution,

    turgot,inistersof

    financeoflouisxvi,hadpreachedthenoveldoeof

    ``enocliberty.turgotlivedinauntryhhad

    sufferedfrooulations,too

    nyoffianylaovethis

    officialsupervision,hee,``letthepeopledoastheyplease,

    ahingousadviceof

    ``laissezfairebecathebattlecryaroundists

    ofthatperiodrallied,

    atthesatiinengland,adathwasw

    onhisghtyvolusonthe``hofnations,ade

    anotherpleafor``libertyandthe``naturalrightsoftrade.

    thirtyyearslater,afterthefallofnapoleon,hereaary

    poheirvictoryatvienna,

    thatsafreedothepeopleintheir

    politicalrelationsintheirindustrial

    life.

    thegeneraluseofery,asihavesaidatthebeginning

    ofthischapter,provedtobeofgreatadvahe

    state.aedeitpossible

    forasiry,likeengland,tocarryalltheburdens

    ofthegreatnapoleonicaliststhepeople

    oneyaes

    reapedenorusprofits.theybecaaitiousandbegan

    totakeainpolitics.theytriedtopetehthe

    landedaristoyillexercisedgreatinfluenceupon

    thegoventofsteuropeanuntries.

    inengland,eersofparliantill

    electedagtoaroyaldecreeoftheyear1265,and

    berofretlycreatedindustrialtreswere

    houtrepresentation,theybroughtaboutthepassingofthe

    reforilloftheyear1882,heelectoral

    systendgavetheclassofthefactoryooreinfluence

    uponthelegislativebody.thisho

    disangthellionsoffactoryere

    leftent.theytoobegan

    anagitationfortherighttovote.theyputtheirdends

    doeobeknohe``peoples

    charter.thedebatesaboutthischartergreoreand

    reviolent.theyhadoanendherevolutions

    oftheyear1848brokeout.frightehethreat

    ofaneandvioleheenglish

    goventplacedthedukeofon,in

    hiseightiethyear,attheheadofthear,andcalledfor

    volunteers.londonateofsiegeand

    preparatioosuppresstheingrevolution.

    buttheentkilleditselfthroughbadleadership

    andnoactsofvioleookplace.thenelassof

    hyfactoryoheword``beoisie

    odeathbytheapostlesofaneial

    order,sloent,and

    thenditionsofindustriallifeinthelargecitiesntio

    transforastacresofpastureandlandintodreary

    slu,odeeuropean

    town.

    encipation

    thegeneralintroduaery

    didnabouttheeraof

    happinessandprosperityh

    hadbeeedbythegeion

    hestageaed

    bytherailroad.several

    rediesedbutnone

    ofthesequitesolvedtheproblebr>

    intheyear1831,justbeforethepassingofthefirstreforbr>

    billjerebenthathegreatenglishstudentoflegislative

    thodsapraerofthat

    day,fortableisto

    keothersfortable.theakeothersfortable

    istoappeartolovethethe

    istolovethey.jerean.he

    saidhebelievedtobetrue.hisopinionsweresharedby

    thousandsofhisuntryn.theyfeltresponsibleforthe

    happinessoftheirlessfortunateneighboursaried

    theirverybesttohelptheandheavenknoe

    thatsothingbedone

    theidealof``enocfreedohe``laissezfaireof

    turgothadbeennecessaryintheoldsocietyediaeval

    restriedallindustrialeffort.butthis``libertyof

    ahehighestlahelandhadledto

    aterrible,yea,afrightfulndition.thehoursinthefac

    toryitedonlybythephysicalstrengthoftheworkers.

    aslongasaanuldsitbeforeherloohout

    faintingfroatigue,sheohildrenof

    fiveandsixills,tosavetherobr>

    thedangersofthestreetandalifeofidleness.alawhad

    beenpassedhechildrenofpauperstogotowork

    orbepunishedbybeingaes.iu

    fortheirservialive

    andasortofpigstyinheyuldrestatnight.often

    theyiredthattheyfellasleepattheirjob.tokeep

    theaheroundsa

    thentheknuk

    totheirduties.ofurse,uheseesthousands

    oflittlechildrehisployers,

    ...